Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics, treatment, and prognosis of post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans (PIBO) in children. Methods Clinical data from 35 children diagnosed with PIBO were retrospectively analyzed from April 2010 to June 2015 . The children were divided into different groups according to the length of glucocorticoid use, and the prognosis were compared. Results Thirty-ifve children all presented cough and wheezing. There were 12 cases in the group of less than one year of glucocorticoid treatment, 8 cases in the group of 1-2 years of glucocorticoid treatment, and 6 cases in the group of great than or equal to 2 years of glucocorticoid treatment. There was no signiifcant difference in the prognosis among the groups (P> 0 . 05 ). Conclusions The overall prognosis is poor in children with PIBO, even if the symptoms are improved. Glucocorticoid is helpful to remiss the symptoms of cough and wheezing, but prolonged use have no signiifcant effect on the prognosis.%目的：分析感染后闭塞性细支气管炎(PIBO)患儿临床特点、治疗及预后。方法回顾性分析诊断为PIBO的35例患儿临床资料，根据激素使用时间进行分组，比较各组预后的差异。结果35例患儿均以咳嗽及喘息为主要表现，糖皮质激素治疗时间< 1年组12例、1~2年组8例、> 2年组6例，各组间预后差异无统计学意义（P> 0.05）。结论儿童感染后闭塞性细支气管炎以腺病毒感染最常见，总体预后不佳，即使症状有所改善，CT病灶吸收仍不明显。糖皮质激素能有效缓解患儿咳嗽及喘息症状，但长时间使用可能对预后无显著影响。
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