语境对语言模因变异的影响

摘要

模因论为研究语言变异提供了一个新的视角---语用学视角。这种视角综合了历时和共时研究，认为从本质上来讲语言的变异就是语言模因的变异。但是现有的研究局限于从社会文化视角讨论，认为语言模因复合体的形成是语言模因为了复制和传播而进行的“生存之战”。这些研究忽视了影响语言模因变异发生的一个重要语用因素---语境。语境功能说为研究语境对语言模因变异发生的影响提供了理论框架。文章试图把语言模因置于语境之中，从语言模因与语境的相互作用来解读语言模因变异的发生，身处语境中的语言模因宿主选择符合语境的语言模因复合体。研究结果认为语境对语言模因的变异具有解释功能和制约功能。%Memetics provides a new perspective for the study of language variation-perspective of pragmatics.This per-spective synthesizes the diachronic and synchronic researches and views essentially language variation as that of language meme.However,existing researches are limited their discussion in a social and cultural perspective and consider that the formation of the compounds of linguistic meme is“the survival war”for linguistic meme to replicate and spread.So these researches neglect context-an important factor in Pragmatics that has an impact on the occurrence of variations of lin-guistic meme.The functionalist view on context would provide the theoretical framework for the research on the influence of context on the occurrence of variations of linguistic meme.This article attempts to put language meme in the context and interpret the occurrence of variations of language meme from its interaction with context and suggests that memetic carriers involved in the context would select the compounds of linguistic meme that are suitable for this context.There-fore,this article concludes that context has the functions of both interpretation and restriction to variations of language meme.