双语情境中母语者身份与非母语者身份的构建

摘要

本文基于日常对话的语料分析，以会话分析与成员类别分析法为理论框架，重点研究中英双语交流情境中构成母语者身份与非母语者身份的对话特征并分析其语用意义。研究发现：语言知识的不对称性是构成母语者身份与非母语者身份的重要机制；母语者身份与非母语者身份并非交际者先验的外在标签，是为实现交际目的而被选择呈现的成员类别，语言知识的不对称在具体交际情境中为实现交际目的提供了所需的资源。%The framework of Membership Categorization Device is adopted and a conversation analytic(CA)approach is drawn to document detailed phenomena that account for native speaker/ nonnative speaker(NS/ NNS)identity construction in multi-party bilingual interaction among Chinese and British. And their pragmatic meaning is discussed. The findings are:knowledge asym-metry upon a language is an important mechanism that constructs NS/ NNS identity. Instead of a priori labels externally imposed on the dialog participants,NS/ NNS are members’ categories selected to facilitate communication,and the knowledge asymmetry upon a language provides resources for the interlocutors to use in order to move the interaction ahead.