燃煤电厂醇胺化学吸收法捕集和封存CO2全生命周期碳排放分析

摘要

运用生命周期评价(LCA)方法对采用醇胺溶液(MEA)吸收CO2的2×300MW燃煤电厂CO2捕集和封存(CCS)技术改造过程进行了系统地分析,分别计算了系统建设、运行及退役,应用MEA吸收CO2、对CO2压缩并管道运输和地质储存等各阶段的CO2排放量.结果表明:全生命周期内采用MEA化学吸收法CCS技术改造后的燃煤电厂CO2的直接减排率可达86.24%左右,CCS系统全生命周期CO2排放量为960.93 t/d;电厂发电运行过程与CCS系统运行的CO2排放量在全生命周期排放中占较大比重,分别为46.96%和47.62%左右;采用MEA技术捕集CO2并进行封存的成本约为23.80～44.90美元/t.%The methodology of life cycle assessment (LCA) was used to analyze systematically the CO2 emission from a 2 × 300 MW coal-fired power plant retrofitted with monoethanolamine (MEA) carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology, during which CO2 emission was calculated for all stages such as system construction, operation and decommissioning, CO2 capture with MEA, CO2 compression,transport and storage etc. Results show that in a life cycle, the direct reduction rate of CO2 emission in a coal-fired power plant with MEA CCS system reaches 86. 24％, and the CO2 emission of CCS system is about 960.93 t/d. The CO2 emission from both power generation and CCS system operation shares a major part, respectively accounting for 46.96 ％ and 47.62 ％ of the whole life-cycle emissions. The cost of CCS is about 23.80-44.90 USD/t with MEA technologies.