镰刀菌毒素和改性蒙脱石吸附剂对全价饲粮发酵参数的影响

摘要

研究镰刀菌毒素和改性蒙脱石吸附剂(Calibrin-A,CA)对全价饲粮发酵pH、OM、NH3-N和乳酸的影响.实验分为6个处理,对照组(Contr.)为基础饲粮,实验1组(25 Myco.)和实验2组(50 Myco.)分别用25％和50％的发霉玉米和发霉玉米蛋白粉代替基础饲粮中的玉米和玉米蛋白粉,实验3组(Contr.+CA)、实验4组(25 Myco.+CA)和5组(50 Myco.+CA)组分别在基础饲粮、实验1组和实验2组的基础上添加0.2％ CA.采用复合菌种(乳酸菌、酵母菌、枯草芽孢杆菌分别为6.33×106、1.05×106、8.94×106 cfu/g)对全价饲粮进行固态发酵,发酵开始前所有处理饲粮水分调节至50％.结果表明:1)本实验条件下,饲粮pH和OM含量随发酵时间显著下降(P＜0.05),而NH3-N和乳酸水平随发酵时间显著升高(P ＜0.001).2)饲粮(0 d)的pH和NH3-N水平均随镰刀菌毒素水平升高显著降低(P ＜0.001).发酵末期(18 d)对照组pH和NH3-N显著低于两个毒素组(P＜0.001),乳酸含量则随毒素水平升高显著降低(P＜0.001).发酵全程平均的pH和乳酸含量随毒素水平升高显著降低(P＜0.001);对照组发酵全程的平均OM显著低于50％毒素组(P=0.044).对照组发酵全程的平均NH3-N显著低于两个毒素组(P ＜0.001).3)添加CA的全程平均pH显著低于不添加CA组(P=0.018).4)镰刀菌毒素和CA对发酵12 d(P =0.027)的乳酸具有显著的交互作用.5)pH与OM、OM与NH3-N、NH3-N和乳酸呈显著正相关(P＜0.05),而pH与NH3-N、pH与乳酸、OM与乳酸呈显著负相关(P＜0.05).本实验条件下镰刀菌毒素及其水平显著影响全价饲粮发酵参数pH、OM、NH3-N和乳酸水平,添加CA显著影响发酵全程的平均pH,且镰刀菌毒素和CA对乳酸(12 d)具有显著的交互作用.%This experiment was conducted to study the effects of Fusarium toxin and modified adsorbent (Calibrin-A,CA) on the fermentation parameters of pH,OM,NH3-N and Lactic acid of compound feed.The experiment was divided into 6 groups:The control group was the basal diet.The test group 1 (25 Myco.) and 2 (50 Myco.) were the basal diet that corn and corn gluten meal were replaced by 25％ or 50％ naturally moldy corn and corn gluten meal,respectively.The test group 3 (Contr.+ CA),4 (25 Myco.+ CA) and 5 (50 Myco.+ CA) were the basal diet,test group 1 and 2 with the addition of 0.2％ CA,respectively.Compound strains(lactic acid bacteria,6.33 × 106 cfu/g,yeast,1.05 × 106 cfu/g,bacillus subtilis 8.94 × 106 cfu/g was used by solid-state fermentation of the compound feed.Before the start of fermentation,water of all processed diet was adjusted to 50％.Results showed that:1) Dietary pH and OM content decreased significantly(P ＜ 0.05)along with the fermentation time,but NH3-N and lactate levels increased significantly (P ＜ 0.001)under the condition of this experiment.2)The pH and NH3-N of diet(0 day)decreased significantly with the elevated levels of fusarium toxin (P ＜ 0.001).At the end of fermentation (18 day),the pH and NH3-N of the control were significantly lower than both of the two toxin groups(P ＜0.001);Lactic acid content decreased significantly(P ＜0.001)with the increasing of toxin levels.The average pH and lactic acid of the whole fermentation process decreased significantly with the increasing of toxin levels(P ＜0.001).The average OM of the whole fermentation process in the control was significantly lower than 50％ of the toxin group(P =0.044).The average NH3-N of the whole fermentation process in the control was significantly lower than both two toxin groups(P ＜ 0.001).3) The average pH of the whole fermentation process of CA treatment was significantly lower than that without CA treatment (P =0.018).4)The significant interaction of fusarium toxin and CA on the lactic acid at 12 d was observed(P =0.027).5)There was positive correlation between pH and OM,OM and NH3-N,NH3-N and lactic acid (P ＜ 0.05),while pH and NH3-N,pH and lactic acid,OM and lactic acid showed a significant negative correlation (P ＜ 0.05).In conclusion,under the experimental conditions,the fermentation parameters of pH,OM,NH3-N and lactic acid of the compound feed were significantly affected by fusarium toxin and its level,and adding of CA can significantly affect the average pH of the whole fermentation process,and fusarium toxin and CA had significant interaction on lactic acid at 12 d.