托尔斯泰的大地崇拜情结与《战争与和平》中“托氏女性谱系”的形成

摘要

托尔斯泰对大地的崇拜情结影响着他在《战争与和平》中的女性形象塑造，并形成了新的女性谱系。作家以罗斯托夫家族中的女性娜塔莎为典范和核心，依据与她关系的远近亲疏，依次塑造出了众多女性形象，形成了富有托尔斯泰特色的“女性谱系”，即“托氏女性谱系”。在这个“谱系”中，娜塔莎等是被肯定的，属于第一等级；玛丽亚等是可改造的，属于第二等级；海伦等是被否定的，属于第三等级。不过由于大地崇拜危机的存在，作为第一等级的娜塔莎等也并非完美，也存在着情感上易变和主体性易丧失等的不足。%Tolstoy’s earthly fetish with female images in relation to the War and Peace model ultimately helped form a new female lineage. With a family of women writers at its core, the exploration of personal relationships serves to create the characteristic Tolstoy female lineage. As part of this line, affirmative Natasha belongs to the first level;modified Maria to the second;denied Helen to the third. However, due to the worship of crisis, Natasha is revealed as imperfect, based on variables associated with an emotional loss of subjectivity.