Objective:Based on citation curve and citation speed,which measures how fast a paper accumulates its citations,we try to investigate whether a paper by Nobel laureate Stephan W . Hell,hereafter noted as Hell ( 1994 ) ,is a Sleeping Beauty document and identify the Princes who wake up the Sleeping Beauty,if that’s the case. Methods:T w o pairs of indicators,i. e. Citation Speed and Delayed Recognition Index ( DRI) as well as Co-Citation Speed and co-Delayed Recognition Index(cDRI) are proposed for rapidly discovering Sleeping Beauties and their Princes. CitNetExporler is used to reveal direct citation networks composed of the concerned documents. Results :There was a significant pattern of delayed recognition revealed by three aspects: Hell' 1994 $ ’ citation distribution over 1994 - 2014 period,a very slow citation speed and very high DRI. W e did not only find that Hell' 2000 $ is the first prince,but also detected another prince i. e. Hell' 2003 $ and two “retinues” of the prince i. e. Betzig'2006 $ and Rust & Z h uang' 2006 $ . It seems that these four documents 'two princes and two retinues) led more authors to refer to Hell' 1994 $ . Conclusions :Citation Speed and D R I are proved effective metrics for distinguishing “sleeping beauties” citation patterns from “flash in the p a n ” patterns. By examining the reference list of articles citing Sleeping Beauties,one can discern ‘Prince ’articles characterized by the following features :1 $ They were published not long after Sleeping Beauty’s awakening; 2 $ They are highly co-cited with Sleeping Beauty ;3 $ They have almost the same co-citation speed and co-Delayed Recognition Index with Sleeping Beauty. A Sleeping Beauty m ay need a prince plus other agents to wake her u p ,and those documents with awakening function tend to be highly cited articles also and published in journals with higher impact than the journals publishing sleeping beauties. Publications belonging to so-called transformative research,when less cited,m a y be given special attention,because they may almost suddenly attract a lot of attention after a period of time,as reflected in our case.%目的：引入时间因素，从文献引文轨迹特征和累积被引速率快慢的角度验证Hell(1994)是否为睡美人文献，并分析其唤醒机制。方法：提出被引速率和延迟承认指数识别睡美人文献；与睡美人文献的同被引速率、共同延迟承认指数识别王子文献，并应用 CitNetExporler分析睡美人及其王子文献之间的有向引用网络。结果：Hell (1994)被引速率最慢、延迟承认指数最高，被引次数的年代分布特征同时证明其是睡美人。另外，不仅验证了Nature Methods科学史评论中提到的Hell(2000)是唤醒Hell(1994)的王子，还发现另一篇王子Hell(2003)，以及两篇“王子的扈从”-Betzig(2006)和 Rust & Zhuang(2006)，四者与Hell(1994)的同被引轨迹和睡美人本身的引文轨迹近乎完全一致。结论：结合被引速率和延迟承认指数，可较快识别出文献集合中的睡美人文献；在睡美人所有施引文献的参考文献中，发表于睡美人文献引用突增年，同被引速度、共同延迟承认指数分别与睡美人文献的被引速率、延迟承认指数越接近，越有可能是王子文献。王子文献可能不止一篇，它（们）本身是高被引文献且往往发表于更高影响力的期刊。在预测零被引或低被引论文未来高被引的潜力时，变革性研究类文献可作为重要线索。
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