原油及其族组分裂解过程中产物组成变化特征

摘要

The simulation experiments with crude oil samples have been performed in laboratory by using high temperature simulative techniques, and the characteristics of compositions change have also been analyzed by geochemical methods in the cracking process. The results indicate that the composition change of the products follows a rule in the cracking process of crude oil and family composition. It is that before a large number of gaseous hydrocarbon being generated by the cracking of crude oil, the high molecular weight from crude oil has already begun to be pyrolyzed, and the high molecular weight is mainly cracked into C25-C32. The abundance of C6-C14 compounds increases with the maturity. C6-C14 is further transformed into C1-C5 with continuous heating, accompanied by the output of benzene and homologues. At last, methane, benzene and homologues form. The authors find out that the composition characteristics of the products in the cracking process of the crude oil and oil fractions can be treated as a potential sign of the maturity and the degree of cracking and expect that it can provide the basis for the study of cracking oil.%采用高温模拟技术,对原油和原油族组分样品进行模拟实验,并对其产物进行系统的地球化学研究.结果表明:原油及其族组分在裂解过程中产物组成变化是有一定规律的.最初,高碳数化合物裂解为较高碳数化合物C<,25>～C<,32>;随着模拟温度的升高,C<,6>～C<,14>化合物丰度增加,伴随一定量的C<,1>～C<,5>气态烃生成;继续加热,C<,6>～C<,14>化合物大量裂解为C<,1>～C<,5>气态烃,伴随苯及其同系物的生成;最后,产物以甲烷、苯及其同系物为主.实验中还发现,原油及其族组分裂解过程中产物的组成变化特征与模拟温度有很大的关系,能为原油裂解程度进行量化描述.