现象身体与身体主体的双重变奏--梅洛-庞蒂前期身体理论批判

摘要

梅洛−庞蒂前期哲学在批判传统意识哲学时提出了现象身体的概念，打破了主客二分的哲学教条，表明了身心一体的存在，从而站在了一种新哲学的门口，暗示了一种人与世界一体的新本体论，但他却过于迷恋身体的活力，忘记了作为这一活力来源的本体论，把身体塑造成了一个具有终极意义的主体，使他的身体理论带上了主体性残余和还原论色彩。因此，梅洛−庞蒂前期身体理论还处于现象身体与身体主体的双重变奏之中。%Merleau-Ponty criticized spirit-philosophy in early stage, constructed a theory of body-appearance. In this process, he broke subject-object split in traditional philosophy, clarified the unity of soul and body. Thus he found a new philosohy, and hinted at a possibility of new ontology on the unity of human and nature. On the other hand, he also deeply absorbed in this body’s vigour so that he forgot the new ontology what this vigour came from. Finally he constructed this body as an ultimate subject, and his theory of body had a tendency of subjectivity and reductionism.