20世纪后期西方公民身份理论的价值分歧与论争

摘要

复兴于20世纪后期的现代西方公民身份理论交织着自由主义、共和主义与社群主义的分歧与论争。以批判个体权利至上的自由主义公民身份为起点，新共和主义与社群主义的公民身份理论极力挖掘自由正义规则之外的公民德性的现代价值，主张复兴公民责任与义务，倡导公民直接参与公共生活，主张基于社群认同的共同善优先于个体权利，主张培育公民美德，试图构建积极的公民身份理论。三者的争论加大了公民身份理论的内部张力，助推了当下西方的现实问题的解决。%Renaissance of the western citizenship theory in the 1980-90s mixed with the values differences and debate between liberalism, republicanism and communitarianism. To critique the supremacy of individual rights of liberalism citizenship as a starting point, the new republicanism and communitarianism excavate the modern value of civil virtue beyond the justice rules. The renaissance of civic duty and obligation advocated citizens directly involved in public life, and claimed common good prior to individual rights so as to foster civic virtue, etc., and attempted to build the positive citizenship theory. The debates necessarily promoted the solution to the social practical problems modern western societies.