复杂环境下的GPS/BDS/GLONASS结合的单频RTK定位性能研究

摘要

为考察GPS/BDS/GLONASS结合的单频RTK定位模式在复杂城市环境下的定位优势,该文在香港采集一个参考站和7个流动站的GNSS数据,通过LAMBDA模糊度搜索方法和R-ratio检验得到单系统、双系统、多系统GNSS单频RTK的定位精度,分析在复杂观测环境下不同系统单频RTK定位性能.结果表明:1)在良好的观测条件下,多系统定位精度最高,双系统次之,单系统最差,都能达到厘米级的定位精度;2)在复杂环境下,部分单系统单频RTK很难实现双差定位,总体上双系统比单系统定位精度高,GLONAS+ BDS的定位精度最差,但都难以实现高精度定位;3)多系统单频RTK可定位精度最高,可用于高精度的城市导航定位;4)观测环境与GNSS单频RTK定位精度具有明显的相关性.%Focusing on performance of GPS+BDS+GLONASS single-frequency RTK in complex urban areas,GNSS were observed at one reference station and seven rover stations in HongKong.The LAMBDA method and R-ratio test were used for ambiguity resolution.The positioning performances of seven single-frequency RTK choices (GPS alone,GLONASS alone,BDS alone,GPS+ GLONASS,GPS+BDS,BDS+ GLONASS,and GPS+BDS+-GLONASS) were evaluated in complex urban environments.The results show that:1) Positioning precisions for single frequency RTK are able to reach centimeters level under good observation conditions.The best performance is obtained from the single-frequency RTK by using GPS+GLONASS+BDS compared with the other choices,followed by dual-systems,and worst for single-system.2) Under relatively inferior observation conditions,some single-system single-frequency RTK can hardly implement positioning successfully.Generally,the positioning accuracy of dualsystem is higher than single-systems.The positioning accuracy of GLONAS+BDS is the worst among all dual-systems.But single-system and dual-system are not capable of positioning at high precision level.3) Positioning accuracy of multiple system single-frequency RTK reaches centimeter level and would be widely used in urban navigation of high accuracy.4) Positioning accuracy of seven GNSS mode is obviously correlated positively with observation conditions.