思想实验与逻辑分析：哲学的核心--以盖提尔思想实验为例

摘要

哲学意味着爱智慧，其要义是合理地相信。哲学并不仅仅是知识的集合体，它更是一项批判性思维活动，在这种活动中我们学会如何论证。正如盖提尔的两个著名的例子所表明的，思想实验是达到这一目的的有效方法。思想实验实际上就是在语言层面考虑各种不同情境，通过穷尽一切可能地举反例的方法从而有效地检验概念间的逻辑关系是否成立，这样可以使抽象的哲学问题具体化。因此，思想实验与逻辑分析构成哲学的核心。%Philosophy means love of wisdom and the main idea of which is how to believe in something ra⁃tionally. Philosophy is not only a collection of knowledge, but also an activity of critical thinking, in which we learn the skills of arguments. As Geitter’s two famous examples having showed, thought experiment is an effec⁃tive way to do so. Thought experiment, in fact, is to consider various situations in the level of language, and ex⁃amines effectively whether the logical relationships among various concepts hold, in order to embody the ab⁃stract philosophical problems. So thought experiment and logical analysis constitute the core of philosophy.