某市妇女乳腺癌筛查知信行现状及其影响因素

摘要

目的 了解某市妇女乳腺癌筛查的知识、信念、行为及影响因素.方法 采用便利抽样法抽取4个社区妇女为研究对象.应用自行设计的社区妇女乳腺癌筛查知、信、行调查问卷对研究对象进行调查.结果 妇女乳腺癌疾病及筛查知识得分为(8.68±5.25)分,有73.3%的人知道乳腺癌最常见的首发症状为乳房肿块.乳腺癌筛查信念得分为(47.63±5.45)分,大多数妇女同意乳腺癌筛查的益处.49.5%曾经做过乳腺自我检查,但真正有规律1个月做1次的只有2.4%.分别有46.2%和28.6%的人曾做过乳腺临床检查和乳腺X线摄片检查.文化程度对知识得分、信念得分、行为得分有显著影响(P＜0.01);家庭收入对知识得分有显著影响(P＜0.01);年龄和职业是行为得分的影响因素(P＜0.01～P＜0.05).结论 乳腺癌筛查率仍然很低,筛查行为的现状不容乐观,影响因素包括文化程度、年龄、家庭收入、职业.健康教育者应针对影响因素,采取有效的措施对乳腺癌筛查行为进行干预,改善乳腺癌筛查行为,提高妇女生活质量.%Objective: To explore the status and influencing factors of knowledge, attitudes and practices ( KAP) of breast cancer screening among women in certain city. Methods: Women from four communities were selected for investigating their information, attitude and behavior about breast cancer by using a self-designed KAP questionnaire. Results:The score of women about breast cancer disease and its screening knowledge was 8. 68 ± 5. 25 ,73. 3% of respondents knew that the common first signs of breast was breast lump. The score of belief of breast cancer screening was 47. 63 ± 5. 45 , most women agreed with the profits of breast screening. Forty-nine point five percent of respondents had performed breast self-examination. However,only 2. 4% of them conducted it once a month regularly. Forty-six point two percent and 28. 6% of them had accepted breast clinical examination and breast X-ray photographs respectively. Education background had a significant effect on the scores of knowledge, beliefs and behavior( P < 0. 01) , family income had a significant effect on knowledge score ( P < 0. 01) , and age and occupation were the contributing factors of behavior score ( P < 0. 01 to P<0. 05). Conclusions: The screening rate of breast cancer is rather low, and the status of screening behavior is not optimistic. Education levels, age, family income and occupation are main contributing factors. Health educators should take effective measures on breast cancer screening behavioral intervention according to influencing factors, so as to improve breast cancer screening behavior and enhance the quality of life.