从国际视角对全球129个国家的人力资本结构进行了比较分析。研究发现：中国人力资本存量国际综合排名第92位，位于第4梯队。人力资本存量(健康性人力资本、技能性人力资本)对经济增长有显著的正向影响机制。经济增长通过对教育性人力资本的再投入推动创新性人力资本的提升。比较中国和世界发达国家之间的人力资本结构差距，可以看到：未来15年中国人力资本将面临国际适应性和竞争性的重大挑战。应当通过提升职业与产业结构的匹配度，增强教育性人力资本与技能性人力资本的深化，从而为提升我国创新性人力资本做准备，增强我国国际竞争力。%Compared with 129 countries’ human capital structure at the global perspective, this paper found that China ranked the 92 th on the global competitiveness of top 100 , being the bottom of the fourth tiers grouped. Human capital accumulation ( especially, health and skill human capital) has a positive impact on economic growth. When arrived at the middle income level, economic growth will promote the innovation human capital progressiveness according to the investment in education. Compared with advanced nationals, the result shows that China would face great challenge of global adaption and competition in the next 15 years. It is important to improve the matching degree between occupation and industry structure, and strengthen the education and skill human capital, in order to promote our innovation level and international competitiveness.
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