学习科学和教学设计背景下的'四元教学设计模式'

摘要

4C/ID is an instructional design approach for complex learning; that is,learning aimed at integrative goals where knowledge,skills,and attitudes are developed simultaneously in order to acquire complex skills and professional competencies.The 4C/ID model was originally de-veloped in the late 1980s.It conclude (a)learning tasks,(b)supportive information,(c)procedural information,and (d) part-task practice.It can also be extended to ten steps in practical application.Ten steps to complex learning which specify the whole design process typically employed by a designer to produce effective,effi cient,and appealing programs for complex learning.The model has a very strong research base.There have been hundreds of experimental studies providing support for the principles prescribed by the 4C/ID model.It has become one of the most infl uential instructional design models and is widely used in vocational and technical education and general education.%"四元教学设计模式"(4C/ID)是一种面向综合学习的教学设计方法,即学习旨在实现综合目标,并且同时发展知识、技能和态度,以获得综合能力和专业能力.四元教学设计模式是20世纪80年代后期,由国际著名教学设计专家范梅里恩伯尔教授研发的,目前已经成为最有影响力的教学设计模式之一,广泛应用于职业技术教育和普通教育中.四元教学设计包括了学习任务、相关知能、支持程序和专项操练四个要素, 实际应用中还可以扩展为十个步骤.这些步骤阐述了教学设计者常用的设计过程,以达成有效果、有效率和有魅力的面向综合学习的学业培养方案.该模式有很强的研究基础,已有数百项实验研究支持4C/ID模式所提出的理论.