孟子的“践形”观与仁义之道视域下的道德正当性

摘要

Mencius establishes the ideas of goodness of human nature and internality of Ren (Benevolence) in arguing with Gaozi .But how to manifest the goodness of human nature and Ren and Yi (Righteousness) within human nature , this is the problem which Mencius has to face .For this purpose ,he puts forward the characteristic concept of“Form Per‐fect Representation” .“Form Perfect Representation”is to present fully the internal virtue on human’s external form ,and to achieve the perfect unity between internal virtue and external behavior .For Mencius ,this unity of virtue and behavior is made prominent in the relationship of goodness and righteousness .This paper explores firstly Mencius’ idea of“Form Perfect Representation” ,and on that premise ,it further analyzes the idea of moral righteousness under the Way of Ren and Yi ,accordingly ,it illuminates the realm of internality and externality in Mencius’ moral metaphysics .%孟子在与告子相互争辩中确立了人性善和仁义内在的观点，但如何将人性之善和内在于人性中的仁义等德性外显出来，这是孟子必须面对的问题，为此他提出了其独特的“践形”观。“践形”即是将内在德性充分表现于外在形体之中，最终达到内在德性与外在行为的完美统一，这种德行之间的统一性在孟子那里以善与正当性的关系得以突显。这篇文章首先结合出土简帛中的儒家文献考察了孟子的“践形”观，在此前提下进一步分析孟子仁义之道下的道德正当性观念，从而阐明孟子道德形而上学的内外之境。