基于液体冷却和加热的电动汽车电池热管理系统

摘要

电动汽车（EV）电池系统的性能和寿命受到温度的影响。为了把电池系统的平均温度控制在20℃到45℃范围内，同时把温度梯度控制在3℃内，该文设计了一种具有最优几何结构的液体冷却和加热板的电池热管理（BTM）系统。根据BTM系统的总体流量均衡，仿真模拟了不同结构参数的冷却板，研究其冷却效果。在电池系统加热实验中，利用红外热像仪检测了加热板的表面温升情况。试验结果与仿真结果显示出较好的一致性。研究发现：进出口在同一边的结构，流场均匀。利用联合优化仿真所得的进口速度和温度的最优组合，可以将加热板表面的温度标准差降低至2．61℃，使得电池系统获得均匀的加热。%The performance and life of electric-vehicle battery-systems are affected by the temperature. A liquid cooling/heating Battery Thermal Management (BTM) with an optimum geometric structure was designed to keep the average battery-system temperature in the range from 20℃ to 45℃ and the temperature gradient within 3 ℃. According to overall system flow balancing in a BTM, cooling/heating plates with different structure parameters were simulated to investigate cooling effects of the BTM. An infrared thermal imager monitored the cooling/heating plate temperature rises in battery-system heating experiments. Experimental and simulation results were shown to be the same. The results show that the structure with an inlet and an outlet on the same side has an even flow distribution. By combining the simulation and optimization, the obtained optimum combination of the inlet velocity and the temperature in the cooling/heating plate reduces the plate-surface- temperature standard-deviation to 2.61℃, and makes the battery system uniformly heated.