The response mechanism of the geometrical shape, properties and arrangement form under impact load was clarified for the special parts of electric vehicle (EV) such as high voltage battery module and power battery pack to provide reference for electric vehicle design and development. ln combination with the results of the collision test of electric vehicle, the probability statistics of collision accident and the typical traffic accident conditions, a high-voltage collision safety protection design scheme was designed based on collision poweroff protection and real-time insulation monitoring. By using computer aided engineering (CAE) simulation calculation, the space layout of high voltage components was optimized to solve more than 90% of mediumspeed and low-speed traffic accident problems. The corresponding collision safety boundary under the high speed collision condition was developed, and the response signal of power of protection was extracted. The result shows that double protection, including monitor the insulation resistance of electric vehicle in real time and performing power of function by the electric relay, can avoid the failure of electrical safety protection caused by a single factor failure, by which the actual high voltage protection of electric vehicle is realized.%针对电动汽车高压电池模块、动力电池包等特有部件,研究其几何形状、性能以及布置形态在碰撞冲击载荷作用下的响应机理,为电动车设计开发提供参考.结合电动汽车碰撞测试结果、交通碰撞事故发生概率统计和典型交通事故工况,设计电动汽车碰撞断电保护和实时绝缘监控为手段的高压电安全防护方案;利用计算机辅助工程(CAE)仿真计算,优化高压元件空间布置问题,解决90%以上的中低速交通事故问题;针对高速碰撞工况,制定对应的碰撞安全边界,提取断电保护响应信号.结果表明:利用电动汽车绝缘电阻实时监测和由继电器执行断电功能的双重保护,避免了单一因素失效可能导致的电安全防护失效,实现电动车真正意义上的高压防护.
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