A multi-constrained on-demand protocol, energy optimization and load balancing QoS on-demand routing protocol (ELQRP), is proposed based on AODV for ad hoc networks. The protocol combines energy-consumption and link load as the QoS parameters to establish a route. Distance information is used to control broadcasting direction of RREQ packets. Both energy and queue threshold are applied to limit the forwarding of RREQ packets, reducing unnecessary routing overhead. In the routing maintenance phase, the proposed protocol uses node energy information to restrict local repairing, preventing power exhausting nodes from building the routing. All these measures are helpful to optimize the mechanisms of routing selection, forwarding, and routing maintenance. Results of simulation with NS2 show that ELQRP can effectively improve the network performance, especially delivery rate, normalized routing overhead and end-to-end delay.%针对移动ad hoc网络对QoS的要求,提出一种能量优化和负载均衡的QoS路由协议.综合整条链路的能量和负载信息生成QoS参数,根据QoS选路算法建立链路.结合距离信息控制路由请求分组的广播方向,并在中间节点设置能量和队列阈值作为路由请求分组转发的限制条件,减少不必要的路由开销.在路由维护阶段利用节点的能量信息限制路由的本地修复,避免能量即将耗尽的节点继续参与路由发现.该算法同时优化了路由选择机制、中间节点转发机制和路由维护机制.NS2仿真结果表明,提出的协议在投递率、归一化路由开销和端到端延时方面均表现出良好的性能.
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