安徽省土壤水分监测预测系统

摘要

In order to meet the needs of flood control and drought relief, the operation of soil moisture observation is launched routinely in meteorological department, by artificial boring stick all the time or by automatic measurer in recent years.However, the use of soil moisture data is always lagging with poor matching service and continuity.Based on the soil water observation network (including the manual and automatic network) and many kinds of approaches for data transmission, Real Time Observing and Forecasting System for Soil Moisture in Anhui Province (SMRTOFS) is developed.SMRTOFS is composed of data observation and transmission subsystem, forecast subsystem, and display subsystem.In data observation and transmission subsystem, the data from manual observers and automatic observation stations is collected in real time and stored in standard soil moisture database, and the data from unexpected transmission approach is also automatically gathered and conserved by defining an intermediate file.In forecast subsystem, predicting models of soil water content for each season are established, and soil moisture forecast is achieved using the latest soil water observation data and the coming 10-day weather information.In the display subsystem, based on the secondary development of Golden Software Surfer 8.0 and line bar chart control, the results of soil water observation and prediction in different seasons and different depths are exported and displayed dynamically, with the patterns of data table, the filled contour in spatial scale, bar chart, and so on.In the system, four-level files from observation to application are constructed including observation raw data, standard database, primary products and user products.The operation flow of soil moisture observation and forecast is reduced to transforming the four-level files.With higher applicability and compatibility, the system is applied triumphantly to the service of agricultural drought and waterlogging operation in Anhui Province.The information could be used to avoid the loss of flood and drought disaster.However, the soil moisture forecasting is based on statistical method, so the model parameters need modification for other regions.Implementing better Soil-Plant-Atmosphere Continuum model can also improve the performance of this system.%基于农业气象业务需求,研发安徽省土壤水分监测预测服务系统,可为防汛抗旱决策服务提供技术支持.该文首先建立人工取土、自动土壤水分观测站等不同渠道土壤水分监测资料的实时传输与处理系统,再利用不同季节资料建立土壤墒情统计预测模型,然后对Surfer 8.0和线柱图控件进行二次开发,实现不同季节和不同土层的土壤墒情监测预测结果表格化、图形化动态显示与输出.该研究建立的土壤旱涝监测预测系统实现了从土壤水分原始监测数据到标准化土壤水分综合数据库、再从监测预测初级产品到动态及图形化显示的服务产品的四级数据文件转化及业务逻辑流程,系统业务实用性和转化力强,该系统已成功应用于安徽省农业旱涝预报预警业务服务.