读罗尔斯的《政治哲学讲义》--立足于人性看《利维坦》中的社会契约

摘要

In his Lectures on the History of Political Philosophy, John Rawls highly praises Hobbes’s Leviathan and conducts a comprehensive interpretation of Leviathan in the secular system. Rawls’s analysis of the formation of social contract is not based on theological knowledge, but through an understanding of human nature. It takes human nature as the core to study how the natural state is transformed to the war state, and how the will to form a contract comes into being from the natural state and finally turns the natural state to civil society.%罗尔斯在他的《政治哲学讲义》中对霍布斯的利维坦给予了高度评价，并主要在世俗系统内对《利维坦》进行了全面的解读。罗尔斯对社会契约的形成过程的分析不是基于神学知识的考虑，而是通过对人性的认知，并以人性为核心，来看待自然状态如何转变为战争状态，以及如何由自然状态下形成订立契约的合意，最终导致自然状态向市民社会的转变。