资本与人性关系的哲学追问∗

摘要

从前现代社会向现代性社会转变，实现了两个重要的翻转：一是从“信仰支配世界”到“欲望支配世界”的翻转，二是从非经济性向经济性的翻转，它求解着资本出场的人性视域，彰显出资本对人性的激活；同时，资本又使人性异化，并通过异化———物化———幻化表现出来。人性的孤立化与社会化、资本的在场性与人性的进步性，进一步指认了资本与人性之间的二律背反：资本激活人性与异化人性。因此，只有对资本进行精神与人性的批判，才能彰显人类进步的意义与伟大；人性只有接受资本的考验与冲刷，才能表征人类生存化世界的意义与伟大。%There are tow reversals in the change from traditional society to modern society:one is reversal from "belief dominating the world" and the second is from non-economy to economy.It explores the hu-man nature in appearances of capital and shows out capital's activation on humanity while capital alienates humanity through antinomy.Isolation of human nature,together with socialization,the presence of capital and progress of human nature,further identifies antinomy of capital and human nature:capital activates and alienates human nature.Only the way of spiritual and humane criticism in capital,can make human progress meaningful and great;only through trials of capital,can survival of the world be of significance and great-ness.