从社会流动率看当前“X 二代”的代际继承∗

摘要

With the adjustment of the social stratum structure entering a new stage,whether the opportunities of mobility,especially upward mobility,is fair and reasonable has become a universal sensitive topic. The current hot topic of “rich second generation”,“official second generation”,“poor second generation”and “daddy-is-the-key”and other phe-nomena reflect the problem. But large scale social surveys show that China's social stratum structure has become more and more open since the reform and opening up and the social stratum presents high flow characteristics. The inheritance rate of the superior stratum is low,the young people in the agricultural laborer stratum and the unemployed or semi-un-employed people stratum has more and more opportunities to move upward,the intellectual stratum maintains a stable level of inheritance. Scientific judgment of the current inheritance degree of “X second generation”has a great significance for the media and the academic community to guide the correct understanding of the “second generation”phenomenon.%随着我国社会阶层结构调整进入了新阶段，各阶层之间流动，尤其是向上流动的机会是否公平合理成为带有普遍性的敏感话题。当前舆论热议的“富二代”“官二代”“穷二代”“拼爹”等现象反映了这个问题。但是大规模的社会调查显示，改革开放以来中国社会阶层结构日益开放，社会阶层呈现高流动特征。优势阶层的代际继承率低，农业劳动者阶层和失业、半失业人员阶层子女中的青年人向上流动机会较多，知识分子阶层则保持着较为稳定的阶层继承率。科学判断当前“X 二代”的代际继承程度，对于媒体和学界正确引导舆论理性认识“二代”现象具有重要意义。