水稻产量主要养分限制因子及养分运筹应对技术研究

摘要

To develop a reasonable nutrient input model for paddy fields, 8 treatments of fertilization were conducted on high/low-yielding fields in rice-growing areas of Danyang city and Jiangyan city in central Jiangsu province to optimum the nutrient inputs of rice fields, and another 8 treatments were conducted on 2 fields different in yield in Jintan city to study the nitrogen ( N) application modes. Results showed that application of N, P, K, Zn could promote the production of rice, and the rice yield were increased by were 33. 1%, 6. 1%, 6. 6% and 2. 4%, respectively. N supply capacity was the dominant factor for rice production, and low-yielding fields were more sensitive to N. An appropriate increase of N ap-plication rate at later stage (earing fertilization : granular fertilization= 3 : 7) could raise the rice production and biomass.%为系统研究不同地力稻田养分的合理投入问题，确定不同地力稻田养分投入的主要限制因子，在江苏省丹阳市及姜堰市选取高、低产田，设计8个不同施肥处理研究养分投入最佳方式；在江苏省金坛市选取水稻基础产量差异较大的2个地块设计8个不同氮肥运筹处理。结果显示，施用氮、磷、钾及锌肥都能提高水稻产量，产量平均增幅分别为33.1％、6.1％、6.6％和2.4％，氮素供应能力是土壤生产力的决定性因子，且低肥力土壤水稻对施氮的响应更强。适当将氮肥施用期后移可获得较高的水稻籽粒产量和生物量，较为合理的穗肥与粒肥比例为3：7。