上颌前方牵引矫治骨性Ⅲ类错(牙合)儿童鼻上颌复合体部软组织变化的研究

摘要

目的 评价上颌前方牵引矫治上颌骨发育不足所致的骨性Ⅲ类错(牙合)儿童鼻上颌复合体部软组织变化,为临床治疗上颌后缩的患者提供理论基础和参考依据.方法 选取上颌发育不足、骨性Ⅲ类错(牙合)患儿30例,男女各15例,年龄9 ～11(平均10.5)岁,均处于生长发育高峰前期或高峰期.采取上颌前方牵引矫形治疗,前方牵引时间6～8个月.试验前后拍摄头颅侧位定位X线片,并测量各项鼻部形态及口颌部软组织侧面形态指标,综合分析矫治前后差异.结果 矫治前后鼻部软组织鼻根点距离(Ns-Y)、鼻尖角的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);治疗后,鼻中点距离(M-Y)增大(P＜0.05),鼻尖点距离(Prn-Y)、鼻额角增大(P＜0.01),鼻唇角减小(P＜0.05).唇部及颏部软组织上唇凹点至Y轴的距离(As-Y)、上唇突点至Y轴的距离(UL-Y)、上唇凸距(UL-E)、上唇基角(S-Ns-Sn)均增大(P＜0.01);下唇凸距(LL-E)、软组织颏前点距离(Pos-Y)均减小(P＜0.05);矫治前后下唇凹点至Y轴的距离(Bs-Y)的差异无统计学意义.结论 上颌前方牵引不仅可以早期矫治上颌后缩Ⅲ类错(牙合)、改善上下颌骨不调关系,同时有助于鼻上颌复合体部软组织良好外形的形成.鼻部及上唇前移、颏部后移,使患儿侧貌突度更趋于协调美观.%Objective To investigate nasomaxlllary complex facial soft tissue changes after the treatment with maxillary protraction appliance with skeletal Class Ⅲ malocclusion with a retruded maxilla.Methods Thirty growing subjects with skeletal Class Ⅲ malocclusions with maxillary retrognathism were selected and treated by facial mask(male 15,female 15,with an average age of 10.5).They were given a maxillary protraction treatment with face mask for 6-8 months.Cephalometric measurements about nasomaxillary complex soft tissue changes were analyzed to draw the statistic conclusion.Results After maxillary protraction treatment,PraY,nasofrontal angle,As-Y,UL-Y,UL-E,S-Ns-Sn increased (P ＜ 0.01) ; M-Y increased (P ＜ 0.05) ; LL-E,PosY,nasolabial angle decreased (P ＜ 0.05).There were no significant differences in the Ns-Y and columella-tip angle.Conclusion After maxillary protraction treatment,nasomaxillary complex area becomes more marked.Both the nasomaxillary complex soft tissue and lower facial profile are dramatically improved.The combining effect of these two changes results in a more harmony profile.