贸易成本视角的中国出口企业“生产率悖论”解释

摘要

This paper explains the Chinese export firms＇ ＂productivity para- dox＂ from the perspective of trade cost. Because the Chinese domestic market can ＇ t be treated as a unified market, the fixed trade cost in domestic market is even higher than that of exporting, This paper extends Melitz＇ s （2003） mod- el, and uses the logit （probit） model based on maximum likelihood method to estimate the reasons that affect the market selection of Chinese manufacturing en- terprises. The study is based on data analyses of the Chinese industry firm data, the full manufacturing sample, and the textile industry sample. The result shows that the lower sales fee in foreign market significantly promotes exporting, and the trade cost difference in different markets has significant impact on enterprises ＇ market selection.%本文从贸易成本的角度解释了中国出口企业的“生产率悖论”。由于国内市场并不是一个统一的大市场，因此在国内市场经营的固定贸易成本甚至超过出口固定成本。本文拓展了Melitz（2003）的模型，采用最大似然估计方法，基于logit（probit）模型，利用工业企业数据库数据，对制造业整体样本及纺织服装制造业样本进行检验，分析了影响中国制造业企业市场选择的主要因素。国外市场更低的销售费用促进了企业出口，不同市场的贸易成本差异会对企业市场选择有重要影响。