中国西南绿豆象两地理种群的生物学比较研究

摘要

The differences of bionomics and ecologics of the two populations of Callosobruchus chinensis on mung bean ( Vigna radiatus ) at six constant temperatures ( 20, 25, 28, 30, 32, 35 ℃ ) and 75 % r. h. were researched. ANOVA showed that temperature affected the developmental period and fertility significantly ( P ＜0.05). T-test indicated there was significant difference of the combined immature stages between the two geographical populations at 25 and 32 ℃ ( P ＜ 0.05). The average oviposition between the two geographical populations differed significantly at the same temperature (P ＜ 0.05). At 30℃ and 75% r. h., effects of 5 commercially grown legume seeds on development and reproduction of the two geographical populations of Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) were researched. The results showed that broad bean and soybean were more suitable for increase for Xichang population in terms of rm values. The adult weight and diameter of emergency hole of the two populations were also compared. According to the differences in the characteristics of development, reproduction, and damage to host seeds between the two geographical populations, conclusion can be drawn that both are different geographical populations.%在20℃、25℃、28℃、30℃、32℃、35℃及75%rh下,采用绿豆作饲料,研究比较重庆绿豆象及西昌绿豆象生物学生态学特性差异.结果表明温度对两地绿豆象发育历期、存活率及繁殖力影响显著(ANOVA,P＜0.05).t测验表明两地理种的整个未成熟期在25℃、32℃下差异显著(P＜0.05).在30℃、75%rh条件下,研究绿豆、饭豆、蚕豆、爬山豆及大豆对绿豆象两地理种群生长发育和繁殖的影响.结果表明食物对产卵量的影响显著(P＜0.05),同一食物两地理种群产卵量之间差异显著(P＜0.05).本研究还测定了新羽化成虫体重及危害豆类后造成的羽化孔内径.由于地理隔离和豆类栽培制度的不同,在长期的进化过程中,绿豆象两地理种群生长发育、繁殖及危害特性上已明显达到分化程度,形成了两个不同的地理种群.