海水淡化浓盐水制备复合阻燃材料研究

摘要

The composite flame retardant materials were prepared by direct precipitation synthesis reaction with desalination concentrated seawater and sodium hydroxide as raw materials and precipitating agent,respectively.The main component of composite flame retardant materials is magnesium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide.The ion content of concentrated seawater was quantitative analyzed via chemical analysis and atomic absorption spectrophotometer.The effects of reaction temperature,reaction time,and aging time on precipitation efficiency of magnesium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide were investigated by single factor experiments,and the optimal conditions were determined.The preparation conditions were further optimized by orthogonal design.The composite flame retardant materials were characterized by TG,DSC,XRD,IR,and SEM.Results showed that the optimal reaction conditions as follow:reaction temperature was 40 ℃,reaction time was 2.5 h,and aging time was 3.0 h.Under the optimal conditions,the precipitation efficiencies of magnesium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide were the highest,99.70％ and 91.99％,respectively.The result of SEM analysis showed that the surface morphology was lamellar structure.Meanwhile,thermogravimetric and XRD analysis suggested that the main components of the composite flame retardant materials were magnesium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide.Through in-depth study of a series of characterization of composite materials and their components,showed that the concentrated seawater after desalination can be developed into a green environmental protection type composite flame retardant material,at the same time,it provided a theoretical basis for industrial production processes and technologies.%以海水淡化后废弃的浓盐水为原料,以氢氧化钠为沉淀剂,通过直接沉淀法制备复合阻燃材料,其主要成分为氢氧化镁和氢氧化钙.采用化学分析法和原子吸收分光光度法对浓海水中的离子含量进行定量分析;通过单因素实验考察了反应温度、反应时间、陈化时间对氢氧化镁和氢氧化钙沉降率的影响确定了最佳反应条件,并利用正交实验优化了工艺条件,对复合材料进行X射线衍射(XRD)分析、红外光谱(IR)分析、热重(TG)分析、差式扫描量热(DSC)分析、扫描电镜(SEM)分析.结果表明:在反应温度为40℃、反应时间为2.5 h、陈化时间为3.0 h条件下,氢氧化镁和氢氧化钙沉降率最大,分别为99.70％和91.99％;通过扫描电镜观察复合材料为片状形貌;通过热重分析和X射线衍射分析表明复合材料的主要成分为氢氧化镁和氢氧化钙.通过对复合材料进行一系列表征以及成分的深入研究,表明利用海水淡化废弃浓盐水可以制备出一种绿色环保的复合阻燃材料.