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基于仿真的三级供应链成本优化

     

摘要

针对供应链这种非线性和复杂系统,为了优化供应链的总成本,提高供应链的整体竞争力,提出了一种基于仿真的优化方法. 首先建立了一个三级协作供应链的系统动力学模型,供应链上的企业需要求解多个决策变量来降低供应链总成本. 然后详细展示了将系统动力学模型转换为Matlab程序模型的过程,并在两个模型中使用了多组随机参数进行对比验证. 最后设计了适当的遗传算法进行求解. 结果表明,这种基于仿真的优化方法不仅能反映出供应链系统的动态特征,而且求解速度快、精度高,能有效解决供应链系统中的单目标或多目标规划问题. 系统动力学模型结构相对固定,也不适合异构的交互环境,该方法给系统动力学模型提供了良好的补充. 转换为Matlab程序模型后,可以进行深入的仿真研究,灵活设置目标函数和约束条件,详细分析系统的动态变化过程,还能为其它应用提供交互接口.%A supply chain system is a non-linear and complex system.In order to optimize the total cost of a supply chain to enhance overall competitiveness, a simulation-based optimization approach was raised. Firstly, the System Dynamics model of a three-echelon collaborative supply chain was built.In order to minimize the total cost, enterprises in this supply chain needed to solve some decision variables.Second-ly, the processes about converting the system dynamics model to a Matlab program model were minutely shown.Some groups of stochastic parameters were used to verify the converting processes.Finally, an ap-propriate Genetic Algorithm was applied to obtain some satisfactory solutions.The results show that this simulation-based optimization approach could not only display the dynamic characteristics of a supply chain, but also solve the problem fast with a high accuracy.It could effectively solve single-objective or multi-objective programming problems in supply chains.A system dynamics model has a relatively fixed structure and does not adapt to a heterogeneous interactive environment.This approach supplements a sys-tem dynamics model.The converted Matlab program model could be deeply simulated and studied.Objec-tive functions and constraints could be flexibly defined.Dynamic changing processes of the system could be minutely analyzed and interactive interfaces to other applications also provided.

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