资金约束时零售商融资与订货决策及价值分析

摘要

According to the prepayment financing model and in a supply chain that lacks capital,a bilayer structure is established that contains Manufacturers (M )and Retailers (R ). This structure is a simple supply chain decision model without considering the defective product rate,inventory cost and financing cycle length. When market demand is uncertain and retailers face capital constraint,and retailers adopt the prepayment financing,the quantity of order will change,and the profit of either manufacturer or retail-ers will also change. Through comparing the order quantity and the expected return when the retailer has different quantity of funds under the condition of finance and the value of the order quantity of the retailer's own capital with cycle,it is indicated that the retailer's financing and ordering decision will change with the changes of its own fund and the market demand. And it is verified that the financing can increase the revenue of the retailer and supply chain,and can bring as soon as possible an optimal yield of the total supply chain product and effectively meet the consumer demand.%针对供应链中存在资金约束的情形，建立了包含制造商（M）、零售商（R）双层结构、不考虑残次品率、库存成本和融资周期长短的简洁供应链决策模型。研究了当市场需求不确定和零售商资金不足情形下，零售商选择是否融资这两种情况下，其订货决策的变化，以及零售商和制造商的收益变化。通过有无融资条件下零售商不同数量自有资金时订货量和期望收益对比和零售商自有资本一定时订货量随周期变化的数值分析，证明了零售商的融资决策与订货量决策会随着其自有资金及市场需求的变化而变化；验证了融资可以提高零售商和供应链的收益，而且能够使得供应链的总产品尽快达到最佳产量，有效满足消费者需求。