国有企业'抓大放小'改革与加总全要素生产率的变化分解

摘要

Based on China's Industrial Survey of 1999-2007, we first document the stylized facts of "Grasp the Large and Let Go of the Small" reform.Then we estimate Chinese manufacturing firm's TFP by applying Olley-Pakes method and investigate the aggregate TFP changes in manufacturing industry and state-owned sector.In the end, we decompose the aggregate TFP changes using GR and DOPD decompositions.Results reveal: (i) during the reform period, the annual growth rate of aggregate TFP is relative high, which is about 10.6 percent.(ii) state-owned firms were lower in aggregate TFP level than private and foreign firms, but the gap was narrowed considerably.(iii) the effect of SOEs reform is mainly reflected in the improvement of the efficiency of resource allocation.(iv) The contribution of market share changes between surviving SOEs and the contributions of entrants are relatively high, while the contributions of exiters are relatively small.%现有文献未充分考虑国有企业改革对企业间效率和企业加总生产率变化的影响.为深入分析政策对市场结构变化和企业间资源配置效率的作用,利用中国工业企业数据库,提取国有企业产权制度改革的典型事实,然后使用OP方法估计我国制造业企业的全要素生产率,考察制造业和国企部门的加总生产率水平及其变化情况,最后采用GR和DOPD分解方法对国企加总全要素生产率的变化进行分解.研究发现:(1)国有企业产权制度改革期间,制造业加总全要素生产率增长较快,年均增长10.6%;(2)虽然国企的加总全要素生产率水平低于民营和外资企业,但加总全要素生产率的增速最快,显著缩小了与民营和外资企业的差距;(3)国企改革成效主要体现在国企资源配置效率的改善上,而非企业内成长上;(4)国企的企业间部分和企业进入部分对生产率的贡献较大,而企业退出部分的贡献相对较小.