产业集群担保网络结构与风险传染机制--以温州眼镜产业担保网和电气产业担保网为例

摘要

The organizational structure of the industrial cluster will lead to specific characteristics of guar -antee network within the cluster .The paper’s guarantee-net examples are about glasses industry cluster and electric industry cluster in Zhejiang Wenzhou .It uses social network analysis to compare the guarantee net ’s risk contagion ways and its influence in different network structure .Because of its high degree centrality , low betweenness centrality , fewer structure holes and other reasons , it comes to conclusion that the characteristics of glasses industry guarantee network are high degree of condensation and low degree of fragmentization .Once the risk of guarantee network exceeds critical point , the influence of its risk contagion will exceeds electric guarantee network .At the same time , the bridge of constellation -electric guarantee network has the charac-teristic of “joint of simmel”.The function of bridge and stability are important to risk contagion of guarantee network .The type of industrial cluster has a certain influence on the formation of different guarantee network structure.In the industrial cluster of pyramid , the whole guarantee graph show stellate .Guarantees, mutual insurance or behavior occur frequently within the cluster .Fragmentation degree is high in some degree which controls and influences the spread speed and scope of risk;and“dao ding” industrial clusters have less mutu-al action between core enterprises and a large number of small enterprises , relying on the core enterprise the guarantee network is occurs more in cross -industry , which increases the speed and extent of risk communica-tion, and the possibility of risk contagion in a certain degree .%产业集群的组织结构将导致集群内部的担保网络呈现特定的特征。以浙江温州眼镜产业和电气产业集群的两个担保网案例为样本，运用社会网络分析方法，从网络内部机制的角度，比较不同产业集群结构下担保网的风险传染途径及其效应。结论认为，眼镜产业担保网由于程度中心性高、中介中心性低和结构洞数量少等原因，网络结构表现为凝聚程度高和碎片化程度低的特点，风险一旦超过临界点，风险传染效应比电气产业担保网大。“星状”电气产业担保网的桥具有“齐美尔连带”特性，桥的稳定性对担保网的风险传染至关重要。同时，产业集群类型对不同担保网络结构的形成也有一定的影响。在“金字塔型”的产业集群中，担保网的整个图形呈现星状，担保、互保或联保行为在集群内部频发，“碎片化”程度高的特点在某种程度上控制和影响了风险传播的速度和范围；而在“倒丁型”的产业集群中，核心企业和大量小微企业之间的互保行为较少发生，依托于核心企业的担保网络更多地在跨产业之间发生，在某种程度上加大了风险传播的速度和范围，也加剧了风险传染的可能性。