河口河相关系及其受人类活动的影响

摘要

运用10余条入海河口的资料建立以落潮流量为自变量的河口经验河相关系．但因落潮流量是与河宽、断面面积有关的非独立自变量，基于涨、落潮(包括径流)的输沙平衡概念，得出了在平衡条件下河口沿程各断面落潮流量与径流及其潮流历时的关系式，从而使非独立自变量成为独立自变量，便于分析和预测人类活动对河口的影响．据此，对浙江省几条河流河口的现状及人类活动(引水、建水库、挡潮闸)后，河口淤积的实际资料进行了验证，其平均误差为15%．%An empirical relationship， taking discharge of ebb tide as avariable， is developed by using the field hydrograph data of ten estuaries， while the discharge of ebb tide is not an independent variable which varies with the width and area of the estuary． Based on the equilibrium concept of sediment transport of flood and ebb tide， the discharge of ebb tide can be written as a function of annual runoff and ebb tide duration， so it becomes an independent variable, favourable to the analysis and forecast of impacts of human activities． According to it， the data verification of several existing estuaries in Zhejiang Province and impacts of human activities （water diversion， and construction of reservoir and tidal barrag） is carried out and the average error is 15％．