三峡库区滑坡涌浪作用下船舶锚链拉力试验研究

摘要

The Yangtze River, known as a "golden waterway", is the most important inland waterway in China. There are lots of ships in the waterway, many of which are in the mooring state due to loading or unloading and other reasons. After the impoundment of the Three Gorges project, the landslide occurs frequently in the reservoir area. The landslide-generated surge is likely to make the ship chain broken, which will cause seriours personal injury and property damage. At present, the main methods to study the force on the ship anchor chain are theoretical analysis and empirical analysis methods, while physical model tests are less used. Therefore, the discrepancy of the mooring force may appear betweeen the design situation and the actual situation. Based on the rock landslide physical model test, the researches on the mooring force change of the ships located in the river bend section and the straight segment near the landslide are carried out under different landslide conditions. The change law of the mooring forces near the bow and stern in the surge propagation process is obtained. And the change rules of ship mooring forces under different wave heights, different periods and different water depths are also got. Finally, the maximum mooring force calculation formula is deduced by using the multiple regression analysis method. The results can provide a reference for the safety management of ships in the Three Gorges Reservoir area.%长江是我国最重要的内河航道,号称"黄金航道",航道内船舶数量众多,因装卸货物等原因处于锚泊状态的船只十分常见.三峡工程蓄水后,库区滑坡频发,滑坡产生的涌浪很可能使船舶锚链发生断裂,造成巨大的人身伤害和财产损失.目前主要采用理论分析和经验分析的方法对船舶锚链及受力进行研究,物理模型试验的研究分析较少,因而在设计锚链拉力时可能会与实际情况有较大出入.通过岩体滑坡涌浪物理模型试验研究不同工况滑坡体情况下位于滑坡附近河道弯道段和直道段船舶锚链拉力的变化情况,得到涌浪传播过程中船舶首尾锚链拉力的变化规律,分析得到不同波高、周期及水深情况下船舶锚链拉力的变化规律,运用多元回归分析得到最大锚链拉力的经验计算式.研究结果可为三峡库区船舶安全管理提供相应参考.