栽培方式对油菜中双11生长及收获特性的影响

摘要

油菜机械化生产是油菜生产发展的方向,机械播种、机械收获是主要的技术环节.研究采用高含油量油菜品种中双11,比较了育苗移栽和机械直播栽培方式下油菜的生物学特性及机械收获性能.结果表明,机械直播油菜主根长,单株生长势稍弱,群体产量高,比育苗移栽油菜生育期缩短22d.机械化一次性收获总损失率比育苗移栽油菜机械收获损失率低8.35个百分点.直播油莱种子舍油量比移栽油菜高.机械收获对油菜含油量没有不利影响.油菜机械化种植每公顷净收益是人工种植的约10倍.%To counteract high labor costs, mechanization has become the developing trend for rapeseed production in China.Mechanical sowing and mechanical harvesting are key procedures for mechanization of rapeseed. In this article, Zhongshuang No. ll, an elite cultivar, was used to research the biological and mechanical harvesting properties under the seedling raising and transplanting and mechanical direct seeding cultivation methods. The results showed that the growth period of mechanical sowing rapeseed was shorter than that of transplanting rapeseed for 22d, and the main root of mechanical direct sowing plant was longer. Although the growth vigor of single mechanical sowing rapeseed was weak, high population production contributed to the high yield. The mechanical harvesting loss of direct sowing rapeseed was lower than that of transplanting rapeseed by 8.35％. The oil content of direct sowing rapeseed was higher than that of transplanting rapeseed, thus the mechanical harvesting did not have negative effect on the oil content. The net income of mechanical production was more than 200 yuan/hm2,which is three times higher than that of transplanting rapeseed production.