不同水蒸气蒸馏方式对油樟油提取率及主要成分含量的影响

摘要

采用水中蒸馏、 水上蒸馏、 水蒸气直接蒸馏和水蒸气扩散蒸馏方式提取油樟[Cinnamomum longepaniculatum(Gamble)N.Chan]叶挥发油,比较了油樟油的提取率及主要成分含量.结果表明,采用水上蒸馏(3.83%)和水蒸气直接蒸馏(3.73%)获得的提取率较高,二者无显著差异(P>0.05),均显著高于水中蒸馏和扩散蒸馏的提取率(P<0.05),后两者间无显著差异(P>0.05);蒸馏方式对1,8-桉叶油素含量的影响较大,对α-松油醇和γ-松油烯无显著影响(P>0.05);采用水蒸气直接蒸馏所得油樟油中1,8-桉叶油素含量最高(60.10%),显著高于水蒸气扩散蒸馏和水上蒸馏(P<0.05),与水中蒸馏无显著差异(P>0.05).可见,水蒸气直接蒸馏方式能获得较高的油樟油提取率及主要成分含量.%Traditional hydro-distillation, over-water distillation, steam distillation and hydro-diffusion distillation methods were used to extract essential oil from Cinnamomum longepaniculatum(Gamble) N. Chan leaves and their results were compared for the yield and concentration of major constituents of essential oil. The results showed that yields of essential oil of over-water distillation method and steam distillation method were significantly higher than that of traditional hydro-distillation method and hydro-diffusion distillation method(P>0.05). Significant differences in yield of essential oil were not observed between the first two methods (P<0.05), that of the last two methods were also not occurred (P>0.05). Variances of distillation methods dis-played potential influence on the concentration of 1,8-cineole of essential oil, while it was not significantly influenced on the concentration of α-terpineol and γ-terpinene (P>0.05). The highest concentration of 1,8-cineole was achieved from steam distillation method with the value of 60.10%, it was significantly higher than that from hydro- diffusion distillation and over-water distillation(P<0.05), however, no significant differences were found between steam distillation and traditional hydro-dis-tillation (P>0.05). In conclusion, steam distillation result in relative higher yield of essential oil and concentration of its ma-jor constituents from Cinnamomum longepaniculatum leaves.