耐药肺结核患者的健康教育效果评价

摘要

目的 探讨耐药肺结核患者的健康教育方法.方法 本研究选取2014年1～8月在河北省某家医院住院的耐药肺结核患者152例为研究对象.随机分为对照组和试验组,每组76例.由责任护士用《耐药肺结核患者一般情况调查表》进行问卷调查、对照组按照传统方法进行健康教育,试验组按照《耐药肺结核患者健康教育评价项目表》.最后两组分别用《耐药肺结核患者健康教育评价效果表》问卷调查评价其效果.结果 2组一般情况比较,差异无统计学意义(P均＞0. 05).对照组健康教育前后在疾病知识、检查知识、化疗知识项的评价结果差异有统计学意义(P＜0. 05),其他健康知识项以及健康信念和健康行为各项的评价结果在健康教育前后差异均无统计学意义(P＞0. 05);健康教育后2组及试验组健康教育前后在健康知识、健康信念和健康行为三方面的评价结果(除对家属依赖和洗漱及保持口腔卫生项比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0. 05).结论 本实验采用的健康教育方法针对耐药肺结核患者是科学的、系统的、规范的、有效的;可为临床护理工作所借鉴并可成为今后护理工作中常规的健康教育方法.%Objective To investigate the effects of health education in patients with drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Methods A total of 152 patients with drug-resistant TB who were treated in our hospital from January 2014 to August 2014 were randomly divided into control group (n=76) and experimental group (n=76). The questionanaire surveys were carried out by duty nurses using " General conditions Questionnaire for patients with drug-resistant TB" . The patients in control group were given traditional health education,however,the patients in experimental group were given health education according to " The evaluation effects of Health Education for Patients with Drug-resistant TB". Finally, the effects of health education were evaluated by questionnaire survey of " The items of Health Education for Patients with Drug-resistant TB" and were compared between two groups. Results There were no significantly differences in generral conditions between the two groups (P＞0. 05). There were significantly differences in the evaluation results of disease knowledge, examination knowledge as well as chemotherapy knowledge in control groups before and after health education(P＜0. 05), however, there were no significantly differences in the evaluation results of the other health knowledge, health belief and health behavior before and after health education(P＞0. 05). There were significantly differences in evaluation results of health knowledge, health belief and health behavior before and after health education in both groups (P ＜0. 05), except for the items of dependence on family members, wash and rinse and maintenance of oral hygiene. Conclusion The health education methods for patients with drug-resistant TB used in this experiment are scientific, systematic, standardized and valid, which will be regarded as references and routine health education method for clinical nursing work.