北方公路收费站空气污染特征及健康影响研究——以大连市为例

摘要

Taking two toll stations in Dalian as research objects,monitors and tests the concentration of the CO,PM10,NO2 and THC inside and outside the stations.The results show that the concentration of most of air pollutants exceeds the standard values of China.Studies the air pollution characteristics and influencing factors inside and outside the toll stations by the methods of bivariate correlation analysis and partial correlation analysis,and the influencing factors include the traffic flow,geographic location,external pollution sources and the diffusivity of those pollution sources,etc.Surveys the workers in the toll stations and the citizens on their physical health,explores the influence of air pollution on the workers,and puts forward some suggestions for improvement.%选取大连市2个公路收费站作为研究地点,对收费亭内外一氧化碳、可吸入颗粒物、二氧化氮和总烃的浓度进行了监测,发现收费站室内外大部分污染物浓度超过我国标准规定值.利用二元相关和偏相关分析方法研究了收费亭内外空气污染特征及影响因素,影响因素有车流量、地理位置、外界污染源及扩散特性等.通过对收费站工作人员和普通市民身体健康的问卷调查,探讨了公路收费站室内外空气污染对工作人员健康的影响,提出了改善建议.