Objective To compare the efficacy of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) and conventional mechanical ventilation in the treatment of neonatal respiratory failure. Methods A randomized trial was conducted at 29 patients with neonatal respiratory failure, which were randomly assigned into the study group (n=12) and the control group (n=17). Patients in the study group were treated by continuous positive airway pressure, while those in the control group were treated by conventional mechanical ventilation after tracheal intubation. The blood gas analysis before and after treatment, complications (ventilator-associated pneumonia and pneumorrhagia), time of ventilation required were compared between the two groups. Results After treatment, blood gas indexes were significantly improved in the two groups. The PO2 and pH in the study group was lower than those in the control group (P>0.05 and P<0.05), while the PCO2 in the study group was significantly higher (P<0.05). The incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia, time of ventilation were significantly lower or less in the study group than the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion The NCPAP can be applied to treat neonatal respiratory failure effectively, which can reduce the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia and the time of ventilation.%目的 比较鼻塞持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)与常频机械通气治疗新生儿呼吸衰竭的疗效.方法 将确诊为呼吸衰竭的新生儿随机分为两组,治疗组给予鼻塞持续气道正压通气,对照组于气管插管后给予机械通气,比较两组治疗前后的血气分析结果、合并症(呼吸机相关性肺炎和肺出血)的发生率、使用呼吸机时间.结果 经治疗后,两组患儿的血气分析指标均有明显改善,治疗组的PO2小于对照组(P>0.05),PCO2大于对照组(P<0.05),pH值小于对照组(P<0.05),但上机后合并症(呼吸机相关性肺炎)的发生率小于对照组(P<0.05),上机时间明显少于对照组(P<0.01).结论 鼻塞持续气道正压通气能够有效治疗新生儿呼吸衰竭,减少上机时间和呼吸机相关性肺炎的发生率,值得临床推广.
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