朝营小流域不同等级石漠化土壤动物群落结构

摘要

The soil animal communities of four plots with different rocky desertification grades (potential rocky desertification,slight rocky desertification,moderate rocky desertification and intense rocky desertification) in Chaoying small watershed of Bijie city were studied to know the soil animal community structure in karst area.The results showed that acarina,collembola and diptera larva were dominant species.The soil animal species and individual quantity on the horizontal distribution in the potential rocky deserrtification plot were maximum and the species and individual quantity deceased with increase of rocky desertification grade.The minimum proportion of captured quantity from 0～5cm soil was nearly 60％ and decreased with increase of soil deepth.Some species had the reverse layer phenomenon and species had strong aggregation.The evenness index of species diversity in the potential rocky desertification plot was minimum.The species quantity distribution of soil animal community became uniformity slowly and the structure was complexed during the evolvement process of rocky desertification.Ecological restoration could increase species quantity and soil animal community dominance in the intense rocky desertification plot obviously,which indicates that soil animal restoration begins from the dominant species firstly.%为了解喀斯特高中山地貌土壤动物群落结构,于2012年对贵州省毕节市朝营小流域4种不同等级石漠化(即潜在石漠化、轻度石漠化、中度石漠化和强度石漠化)样地的土壤动物群落进行研究.结果表明:蜱螨目、弹尾目和双翅目幼虫为优势类群.水平分布以潜在石漠化样地的土壤动物类群和个体数最多,类群和个体数总的趋势随石漠化等级增加而减少,垂直分布以中度石漠化样地0～5cm占总捕获量的比例最低(接近60％),随着深度增加而减少,个别具有反层现象,表聚性强.潜在石漠化样地多样性均匀度指数最低,石漠化演替过程中土壤动物群落类群数量分布逐渐变得均匀,结构也复杂化.生态修复后强度石漠化虽然类群数增多,但土壤动物群落优势度明显增加,说明,土壤动物的恢复首先从优势类群开始.