贵州喀斯特山区典型人工林土壤矿质元素特征

摘要

In order to illustrate the soil mineral element feature of community level, we discussed the content features of mineral elements and the correlations and classified metallic element and non-metallic element with the typical manmade forest in Guizhou karst mountain area as object.The results indicated that there were large differences in the soil mineral element contents of the typical man-made forest in the area, meanwhile the elements had different ranges in the different tree species.The change rules of Zn, Cr, Fe, Ti, Al, Mg, Ni, Co were relatively consistent, Ca and Sr's were relatively similar.The content of As, Se, Si were high in Eucalyptus robusta forest, Cupressus funebris forest and Eriobotrya japonica forest, while the contents of S, Na, Cl were just the opposite.The change rule of different mineral elements was not in conformity with different forest types, which indicated that the extraction and accumulation ability of plant root system were different.There was a degree of relativity among mineral elements, the correlativity of different mineral elements differed and represented enhancement inhibitory effect, and especially Fe and Ca had close relationship with other elements.The interaction effect and measure equilibrium relationship of mineral elements were the key to analyze the features of element compositions and a scientific problem deserved to be further studied.The research results are in favor of mastering nutrient element accumulation features and regulation, and have an important theoretic and practical significance to soil nutrient management of typical plantation in the area.%为了阐明群落水平上的土壤矿质元素特征,该研究以贵州喀斯特山区典型人工林为对象,以金属元素和非金属元素进行类型划分,探讨了土壤矿质元素含量特征及其相关性.结果表明:该区典型人工林土壤矿质元素含量存在较大差异,且同一元素在不同树种之间的变化幅度各异,锌、铬、铁、钛、铝、镁、镍、钴等的变化规律较为一致,钙、锶等的变化趋势较为相似,砷、硒、硅在桉树(Eucalyptus robusta)林、柏木(Cupressus funebris)林和枇杷(Eriobotrya japonica)林中的含量较高,硫、钠、氯等元素含量则相反;不同矿质元素随林分类型的变化规律不完全一致,表明植物根系对养分的提取和富集能力存在差异;矿质元素之间表现出一定程度的相关性,存在此消彼长的关系,不同矿质元素之间的相关关系各异,表现出增强或抑制效应,尤其以铁、钙等元素与其他元素的关系更为密切;矿质元素之间的互作效应及其计量平衡关系是分析元素特征的关键,是未来值得深入研究的科学问题.该研究结果有利于掌握养分元素积累特征与调控规律,对于该区域典型人工林土壤养分管理具有较强的理论和实践意义.