药剂输液滴干对龙眼成花的影响

摘要

虹吸输液滴干技术作为一种新型的输液技术，能显著提高龙眼对调节剂的利用率。该研究利用虹吸输液滴干技术来研究氯酸钾与多效唑对龙眼成花的影响，同时探索从花芽生理分化期开始控制龙眼冲梢的方法。结果表明：氯酸钾输液滴干不但能够促使龙眼提早开花，而且能够提高其成花率、抽穗率、雌雄花比例与坐果率。不同品种龙眼对氯酸钾的敏感度不同，‘石硖’对氯酸钾最为敏感，但稳定性低；‘储良’对氯酸钾的敏感性低，但稳定度高；‘桂香’对氯酸钾的敏感性与稳定度居中。从整体上看，‘石硖’的处理效果最好，最佳处理次数为3次，每次施用7.5 L浓度为1 g·L-1的氯酸钾，处理后枝梢成花率、枝梢抽穗率、雌雄花比例、坐果率分别为53.67％、59.38％、16.01和19.58％。多效唑输液滴干对‘桂龙1号’的控梢效果显著，有效促进了龙眼成花，并以160 mg·L-1的多效唑溶液处理效果最佳，抽梢率为15.16％，抽穗率、雌花率、花穗长、花穗宽和坐果率分别为96.53％、10.36％、21.95 cm、12.96 cm和38.37％。药剂输液滴干技术施用氯酸钾和多效唑对于龙眼成花坐果有积极作用，该研究结果为实现高效、省工、环保的果园管理模式提供了借鉴。%Effects of potassium chlorate and paclobutrazol on florescence of longan were studied in the form of medica-ment transfusion following trunks, which could increase the utilization of regulators of longan as a new type of infusion technology. The results were as follows:the technology of potassium chlorate transfusion following trunks could not only make the longan bloom earlier, but also increase the proportion of female flower and the rate of flower formation, ear-ing and fruit setting. For the sensitivity to potassium chlorate, Shixia longan had high sensitivity, but poor stability;Chuliang longan had high stability, but poor sensitivity; Guixiang longan had middle sensitivity and stability. Treat-ment effects of Shixia was the best as a whole. The contents of the treatment were as follows:three times treated, 7.5 L ( 1 g·L-1 ) potassium chlorate applied every time. The flower formation rate, earing rate, female and staminate flower proportion and fruit setting rate of this treatment were 53.67%, 59.38%, 16.01 and 19.58%. Paclobutrazol transfu-sion following trunks could not only control shoot growth effectively, but also improve flowering of longan. The best concentration of paclobutrazol was 160 mg·L-1, which made the earing rate, the proportion of female flower, spica length, spica width and fruit setting rate of longan reach 96.53%, 10.36%, 21.95 cm, 12.96 cm and 38.37%. The technology of medicament transfusion following trunks applying potassium chlorate and paclobutrazol had positive effects on flowering and fruit setting of longan, which had reference function for achieving efficient, laborsaving, and environmental orchard management mode.