巫医的艺术疗法：幻觉问题

摘要

医学人类学一般用安慰剂效应来解释非理性医疗体系发挥治疗作用的原因，却忽视了巫医疗法中艺术要素发挥的独特功能。许多现代艺术治疗依据的心理学规律早已被采用艺术疗法的巫医经验性地掌握。巫医在艺术治疗的过程中，常常依靠幻觉与超自然力量沟通，从而诊断和治疗疾病。幻觉经验的获得，和人类的两种心理能力密切相关：出神与积极想象。艺术刺激了这两种心理能力的形成，最终导致巫医求幻成功。%Medical Anthropology usually attributes the effect of irrational medical systems to placebo effect, but ignores the special effect of art factors in magician doctors’ therapies.Many psychological rules on the basis that modern art therapies are built have been mastered by the magicians who use arts as thera-pies.In the process of art therapies, magicians usually diagnose and cure illness by communicating with su-pernatural forces through hallucinations.To get hallucinations experience is in connection with two psycho-logical abilities of human beings:trance and active imagination.Arts stimulate the formation of these two a-bilities and result in the success of seeking for hallucinations.