人类学养老研究的传统与趋势

摘要

The issue of elderly caring is a social problem which requires immediate solutions.The tra-dition of elderly caring research in anthropology at home began in the early scattered studies of lineage, fam-ily and mutual aid organizations.The studies of this period usually dealt with elderly caring itself without fully realizing the necessity of research of elderly caring.Based on new perspectives in the research of elder-ly caring both at home and abroad, i.e.the perspective of the state and that of the social gender, this pa-per argues that attentions should be paid to the contents of the adaptability of traditional culture of elderly caring, the initiative of the elders, and diverse traditional culture of elderly caring.It holds that the studies on the local and ethnic minority culture of elderly caring in the holistic view of anthropology could provide rich information for the local policy-making of elderly caring and the implementations.%养老问题是现代亟待解决的社会问题。国内人类学有研究养老的传统，其开始分散在宗族、家庭和互助组织的研究中。不过，这些研究往往只是涉及养老，并未充分意识到养老研究的必要性。在借鉴国内外有关养老研究的新视角，即国家视角和社会性别视角的基础上，提出应注重传统养老文化的适应性、老人的能动性与多元的传统养老文化等内容。最后，文章提出用人类学的整体视角来研究地方性、民族性养老文化。养老是一种地方文化，我们应该充分发挥人类学探究养老文化的功力，为制定和实施地方养老策略提供丰富的信息材料。