从知识的“灌输”到促进发展——20世纪60年代前苏联课堂教学改革及新模式的形成

摘要

The book - centered classroom teaching model put forward by Kaiipob in his Pedagogy, which was once the pri- mary classroom teaching model in schools in the Soviet Union, quickly exposed some shortcomings and was criticized. Since 1960s, to extricate from its influence, a great deal of innovative experiments in classroom teaching has been carried out and a- chieved some effects in the Soviet Union, in which a new classroom teaching model different from the former one has come into being, characterized by humanism and considering students＇ development. Consequently, the developmental teaching theory is formed, represented by Zankov.%凯洛夫《教育学》中提出的以书本为中心的课堂教学模式曾成为苏联学校课堂教学的主要模式，其弊端很快暴露出来并被批判。为摆脱这种课堂教学模式的影响，从20世纪60年代起，苏联开始了大规模的课堂教学改革实验，取得了良好的效果，并从中产生了具有人文主义精神、关心学生发展的、新的不同于以往的课堂教学模式，并形成以赞科夫为代表的发展性教学理论。