印度洋构造过程重建与成矿模式：西南印度洋洋中脊的启示

摘要

印度洋经历过复杂的构造演化，其中3次重大的三联点和洋中脊跃迁、板块重组对印度洋现今构造格局的形成具有重要影响。本文基于Gplates板块重建技术和古水深数据，并融合前人热点和年代学研究结果，重点探讨了120 Ma、90 Ma、84 Ma、65 Ma、40 Ma、24 Ma和15 Ma发生在印度洋的重大构造事件，讨论了这些构造事件在西南印度洋超慢速扩张脊构造特征上的关联，探讨了西南印度洋不同演化阶段的两种海底热液成矿模式，即早期热点-洋中脊相互作用相关的热点成矿模式和后期海洋核杂岩相关的湿点成矿模式。%The Indian Ocean experienced a complex tectonic evolution including three major jumping and reorganization of ocean ridges and triple junctions, which had important impacts on the present-day tectonic pattern. Based on the plate reconstruction technique of Gplates and combining with the previous results of hotspots and age dating, this paper focuses on the major tectonic events occurred in the Indian Ocean at 120 Ma, 90 Ma, 84 Ma, 65 Ma, 40 Ma, 24 Ma, and 15 Ma, respectively. These tectonic events are closely related to the ultra-slow spreading Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR). Moreover, this paper discusses the Southwest Indian Ocean seafloor hydrothermal mineralization at different evolutionary stages of the ocean floor. The hydrothermal mineralization of the Southwest Indian Ocean has two models: the early hotspot-related mineralization associated with the interaction between hotspot and mid-ocean ridge, and the late wetspot-related mineralization associated with the formation of ocean core complexes.