江西省鄱阳湖地区饮用水健康风险评价

摘要

In this study, As, Cd, Hg, Pb, F, ammonia nitrogen, and phenol in drinking water of 24 counties and cities in Poyang Lake region were studied according to the USEPA health risk assessment model. The research results showed that the highest risk caused by As and Cd through drinking water were appeared in Pengze (29. 1 × 10 -6· a-1 ) and Poyang County (7.94 × 10 -7·a-1 ) respectively, while both were lower than the maximum allowance levels recommended by ICPR (5 × 10-5·a-1 ). The highest risk of non-carcinogen caused by phenol was in Poyang County (4. 99 × 10-9·a-1), which was lower than the maximum allowance levels recommended by ICPR. Finally, the total health risks, calculated by adding the carcinogens risks to the non-carcinogenic ones, ranged from 10-6·a-1 to 10-11·a-1, which indicates a low risk without health hazards. However,the results revealed a high risk of drinking water in Pengze County, Nanchang city, Nanchang County, Hukou County, so more attention should be paid to the environment in these regions.%按照美国环境保护局风险评价模型,对江西省鄱阳湖地区24个县市的饮用水中As,Cd,Hg,Pb,F,氨氮和酚进行了健康风险评价.研究结果表明,通过饮水途径所致健康风险中,As在彭泽县所引起的致癌风险最大(29.1×10-6·a-1),Cd在鄱阳县的致癌风险最大(7.94 × 10-7·a(-1)),但均低于国际辐射防护委员会(ICRP)推荐的通过饮水途径最大可接受风险水平(5×10-5·a-1 );通过饮水途径引起的非致癌健康风险中,酚的风险最大,出现在都阳县(4.99×10-9·a-1),远低于ICRP推荐的最大可接受风险水平.最后将致癌风险和非致癌风险相加得出鄱阳湖24个县市的整体健康风险,结果显示研究区的总风险水平介于10-6～10-11·a-1,基本处于可接受的水平.高风险区主要为彭泽县、南昌市、南昌县、湖口县,这些地区的饮用水环境健康问题应引起更多的关注.