The Central and South Tianshan orogenic belts are located across the Central Asia. The Late Proterozoic breakup event of Rodinia Supercontinent led to the formation of many variable-size blocks surrounded by palaeo-oceans. The NE-striking Talas-Fergana throughout the researched area was a characteristic of transform fault in Palaeozoic time, and it controlled the tectonic evolution and mineralization difference between east and west sections of the fault. In the north margin of the Central Tianshan microplate, there was a Cambrian-Ordovician paleo-ocean basin. The west section of its south margin had experienced two breakup events from Cambrian to Middle Devonian and formed an archipelago ocean setting. The carbonaceous-and siliceous-shale formations in the passive margin of Silurian oceanic province are the best layers for hosting gold deposits. The paleo-ocean in the east section of the south margin of the Central Tianshan microplate occurred from Sinian to Late Devonian. During Late Carboniferous time, there were northwest thrust orogenic events in the west, whereas there were the reverse thrust orogenic events in the east sections. Continental collision-type granites are widespread through the South Tianshan area in the Late Carboniferous, which are genetically related to tungsten, tin, niobium-tantalum, molybdenum, copper, lead and zinc deposits. Talas-Fergana fault, which formed in Late Permian and Triassic, was characterized by dextral strike slip. Subsequently, the emplacement of the post-collision-type granites plays a key role in the mercuric and antimony mineralization. Talas-Fergana fault was characterized by strike slip and extension during Jurassic. In Cenozoic, the tectonic uplift resulted in compression and shortening of the South Tianshan was triggered by the northward subduction of the Indian Plate.%横贯中亚地区的中、南天山造山带,在元古宙末罗迪尼亚超大陆裂解时,先后以中天山南缘断裂为主线分裂出被洋区围限的众多大小不一的地块群.斜贯全区的塔拉斯-费尔干纳断裂,在古生代演化过程中具有转换断层性质,明显控制了南天山东西两侧的构造演化及成矿过程的差异性发展.中天山微板块北缘发育寒武纪-奥陶纪古洋盆,其南缘西段由寒武纪到中泥盆世经历两次扩张,形成多岛洋的构造格局,其中志留纪洋区被动陆缘上的碳硅质砂页岩建造成为金矿床的最佳赋存层位;东段洋区从震旦纪开始扩张,直到晚泥盆世闭合,晚石炭世南天山东西两侧在造山构造极性上发生西段由南向北、而东段由北向南呈相反方向逆掩推覆的造山过程,同时伴有碰撞型花岗岩浆活动,形成了钨、锡、铌-钽、钼、铜、铅锌等多金属矿床.晚二叠世-三叠纪塔拉斯-费尔于纳断裂以右旋走滑运动为特征,伴随有后碰撞型花岗岩浆活动,从而为汞锑成矿带的牛成奠定了基础.侏罗纪塔拉斯-费尔干纳断裂进入走滑拉分期.新生代印度板块向北推挤,致使南天山发生挤压缩短而强烈抬升隆起.
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