以板块学说为理论依据,利用IHS和Tellus能源信息库,在对北非不同盆地群原型盆地恢复的基础上,系统分析了北非主要地质时期的盆地演化过程,从古板块位置、盆地类型、古海平面变化、古温度和古气候等方面,指出了盆地演化特征对北非油气地质条件形成的控制作用.志留纪和白垩纪北非被动大陆边缘和裂谷盆地的发育以及当时的海侵环境,控制了北非地区两套主要烃源岩的形成.而三叠纪北非地区低纬度板块位置和当时较高的气温以及海退环境,控制了北非最为重要的蒸发盐岩盖层的形成.不同盆地区盆地演化特征的差异,造成了其生、储和盖层发育的差异,也形成了北非西部盆地以古生代油气系统为主,而中东部盆地以中、新生代油气系统为主的油气分布格局,对于认识北非地区盆地的形成与演化及油气分布特征和开发潜力,具有一定的理论意义和实际价值.%Based on plate theory, using the IHS and Tellus energy geological database and on the basis of prototype basins rebuilt, this paper systematically analyzes the basin evolution and the distribution characteristics of oil-gas accumulation conditions for the main geological period of North Africa, and points out the control effect of basin evolution environment on the petroleum geological conditions from the aspects of ancient plate position, ancient sea level change, ancient temperature and ancient climate. Authors put forward that (1) the development of passive continental margin and rift basin with transgression environment in Silurian and Cretaceous controlled the formation of two-major hydrocarbon source rocks in North Africa at that time; (2 ) the low latitude plate position, higher temperatures and sea back environment at that time controlled the formation of most important North Africa evaporated salt cap rocks in Triassic period; (3) the different basin evolution characteristics of different basin areas made source rock, reservoir and cap rock different in each basin, and formed today's oil and gas distribution pattern that the western basin mainly formed Paleozoic oil and gas system and the east-central basin mainly formed Mesozoic-Cenozoic oil and gas system in North Africa, which has certain theoretical significance and practical value to understand the basin formation and evolution, oil and gas distribution and development potential of North Africa.
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