大学生昼夜偏好特征对睡眠健康的影响和对策研究--基于天津在校大学生的问卷调查

摘要

大学生的身心健康状况是教育工作者始终需要关注的问题。本文通过调查大学生的清晨型/夜晚型的昼夜偏好特征和睡眠状况，研究大学生的昼夜偏好分布特点及其对睡眠健康的影响，并提出相应的对策。研究结果显示大学生人群中夜晚型比例远远高于清晨型，并且表现出晚睡晚起的作息倾向；大学生人群的整体睡眠质量不容乐观，存在较大的日间功能障碍；昼夜偏好与睡眠质量之间存在显著的负相关关系，证实了夜晚型的昼夜偏好对大学生的睡眠质量存在一定程度的负面影响，因此学校应从育人观念、健康教育、心理疏导、课程与宿舍管理等多个角度为大学生营造健康的生活氛围，引导他们树立科学的健康观念，鼓励他们以更符合身心发展的方式学习和生活。%College students’ physical and mental health should always be paid close attention to. This paper studied the characteristics of college students’ circadian preferences and its influences on sleeping health through the survey of their circadian preferences and sleeping quality. The results suggests that the evening-types have a much higher percentage than the morning types among college students; a large proportion of college students shows the syndrome of daytime dysfunctions and the overall situation of their sleeping health admits no optimism; a negative correlation exists between circadian preferences and sleeping quality, which proves the chronotype of eveningness may influence badly on sleeping quality. Therefore college educators should construct a healthy circumstances for the students by changing the ideas of education, enhancing the consciousness of health education, strengthening the mental health service and improving the relevant systems, in order to guide the college students to build up healthy consciousness and to encourage them to study and live in a more scientific way, which in accordance with the laws of their mental and physical development.